Grammar reference
The structures that carry an A2 speaking answer. You don't need to master B1 grammar to pass — you need V2 word order, the perfect tense and the dative to be automatic.
Every sentence needs a subject and a verb. Nail the six pronouns and the present tense of 'sinn', 'hunn' and regular -en verbs, and you can already say who you are and what you do.
Luxembourgish nouns are capitalised and come in three genders. Learn each noun with its article — 'de', 'd'' or 'den'; 'e', 'en' or 'eng' — and the n-rule that chooses between them.
In a Luxembourgish main clause the conjugated verb is always the second element. Master this one rule and half your sentences come out right.
Modal verbs (can, want, must, should, may) let you soften, request and plan. The modal takes second position and pushes the main verb, as an infinitive, to the end of the clause.
The perfect is how you talk about the past in speech. Put 'hunn' or 'sinn' in second position and the past participle at the end — and learn which verbs take 'sinn'.
Some verbs split in two: in a main clause the prefix breaks off and lands at the end of the clause. Miss it and the sentence changes meaning.
The n-rule decides whether a final -n survives. Keep it before a vowel or n, d, t, z, h; drop it before any other consonant. It governs articles, verbs and small words alike.
A small set of prepositions covers most of what you need to say — where you are, who you are with, when things happen. Learn the eight workhorses plus the am/an time expressions and you can place any sentence in space and time.
There is no single plural ending in Luxembourgish — but there are five predictable patterns, and the plural article is always d' whatever the gender. Add the méi … wéi comparison and you can weigh two things against each other.
Certain conjunctions push the conjugated verb all the way to the end of the clause. Getting this word order right — and knowing what happens when the clause comes first — is a clear B1 marker the examiner listens for.
The dative is the case of the indirect object and the case that a whole group of prepositions demands. It is also the backbone of every location phrase — so if you want to describe a photo well, this is the article to master.
Spoken Luxembourgish has almost no simple past — it uses the perfect for nearly everything, and keeps the imperfect for just a handful of everyday verbs. Learn those six forms and a set of opinion openers and your B1 answers gain real range.